Progress and Challenges
The maternal mortality ratio (MMR)—the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births—remains a critical indicator of maternal health and healthcare system performance. In Ghana, the MMR declined from 943 per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 234 in 2023, reflecting substantial progress in maternal healthcare over the past two decades. This improvement has been driven by increased access to skilled birth attendants, enhanced antenatal care, and the expansion of emergency obstetric services.
Maternal deaths occur during pregnancy or within 42 days of its termination, irrespective of the duration or location of the pregnancy. Globally, around 75% of maternal deaths are attributable to preventable complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, infections, high blood pressure (pre-eclampsia/eclampsia), and unsafe abortions. These conditions are exacerbated by delays in seeking care, limited access to quality services, and socioeconomic barriers.
Despite overall gains, Ghana continues to face challenges. Institutional data from 2024 indicate a slight uptick in mortality in some regions, with reported MMR around 110 per 100,000 live births and skilled delivery coverage falling to 55%. These figures underscore persistent inequities, particularly in rural and underserved communities.
Accurate measurement of maternal mortality is complex. Data are derived from household surveys, such as the sisterhood method, and hospital records, both of which require adjustments to account for underreporting. Reliable, timely data are essential for monitoring progress, guiding policy, and targeting interventions to high-risk populations.
While Ghana’s reduction in maternal deaths demonstrates the impact of sustained public health investments, further progress depends on addressing the leading causes of maternal mortality, expanding access to skilled care, and strengthening health system quality and equity.